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          |  | Initially, 
              Georgian riders joined the Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show in 
              1892, traveling to London that year and to America in 1893. Of all 
              the tales told about the riders, the one most often repeated is 
              the story of their recruitment. Thomas Oliver (1867 
              – 1943), a commissioner, arrived in Georgia (then part of 
              Russian Empire) to locate riders for Wild West show in the United 
              States. In Batumi, Oliver stopped at the home of James Chambers, 
              the British Council. An employee of Chambers, a fellow named Kirile 
              Jorbenadze, who was on familiar terms with some of the riders in 
              Guria, offered help. Oliver accepted and soon the two men plus vice-council 
              Harry Briggs, departed to the village of Lanchkhuti. On the way 
              there they stopped at village of Bakhvi, where they visited Ivane 
              Makharadze, a distinguished rider who promised Oliver that 
              he would be responsible for signing up other riders. Thomas Oliver 
              was a remarkable character. Born in Manchester, in a family of circus 
              performers, he spent his childhood on the road with his parents. 
              Perhaps that's how he ended up spending some time in Tiflis. During 
              the following years, Oliver traveled across the Russian Empire with 
              various circuses and became familiar with the Georgians’ riding 
              skills. This implies that he didn't come to Georgia “blindfolded.” 
              Later, he interpreted for the Georgian riders (1892-96) presumably 
              in Russian or quite possibly, in Georgian.
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          | Georgian 
            riders in London 1892 |   
          | The 
              British newspaper, The Weekly Dispatch reported its first account 
              of the Cossack riders in Wild West show on May 
              8, 1892. That was the riders' first documented trip to England. 
              Similar, but shorter account of that trip appeared in the Georgian 
              newspaper Iveria. It recorded briefly, “Batumi: here's the 
              list of Georgians, taken to London by a French agent: Ivane Makharadze, 
              Dimitri Mgaloblishvili, Vaso Ckhonia, Levanti Jorbenadze, Luka 
              Chkhartishvili, Mose Gigineishvili, Irakli Ckhonia, 
              Besarion Tsintsadze and Meliton Tsintsadze. Ten persons, all in 
              all.” In an interview granted to The Oracle (May 28, 1892), 
              Nate Salsbury, the Wild West show's general manager, confirmed, 
              “Yes, they arrived last night. They come from beyond Tiflis 
              (Now Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia), near the extreme of the Caucasus 
              Mountains. They are headed by Prince Ivane 
              Makharadze…”(Group 
              leaders were mostly referred to in the lists as "Prince". 
              In fact, only some of the riders were of noble origin. The rest 
              were mostly peasants. Apparently, it was a publicity stunt to attract 
              more people) By that time, the British were well aware of Buffalo 
              Bill's traveling extravaganza. The show had 
              been introduced to the English public at Queen Victoria's golden 
              jubilee in 1887. It was a smash, despite having no so-called, “Cossacks”. 
              The first group of riders caused great excitement in London because 
              it was the first time that Londoners encountered the so-called, 
              “ Cossacks”. The Georgians' daggers and swords, and 
              especially eye-catching national outfit decorated with pockets for 
              cartridges was a special topic of conversation, and aficionados 
              took them for miniature sticks of dynamite. According to The Illustrated 
              London News (June 18, 1892), “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West 
              from the North American prairies may be seen here again, positively 
              for the last time in Europe and the Cossacks of the Russian Caucasus, 
              famous military horsemen, under command of their Hetman, Prince 
              Ivan Makharadze, at another of the afternoon, perform equal feats 
              of equestrian prowess.”
 Meanwhile, the news about the “Cossack” horsemanship 
              reached the royal family's ears, and soon Nate Salsbury received 
              a note from Queen Victoria's stable-man stating that Her Majesty 
              would be pleased if the Wild West show managers would bring their 
              “Cossacks” to Windsor.
 
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          | Buffalo 
              Bill and Georgian riders in Windsor |   
          | On 
              June 25, 1892 the Georgians, lead by Ivane Makharadze, performed 
              in front of the Queen, the royal family and other members of the 
              aristocracy. Charmed by the performance, Her Majesty, Queen Victoria 
              presented the Georgians with a gold engraved album with photos of 
              their performance. (Presumably, the album was kept at Ivane Makharadze's 
              house in Guria and was destroyed during a fire) and the British 
              society expressed gratitude by issuing a letter of gratitude signed 
              by 20, 000 people. 
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          | Prince 
            Ivane Makharadze and his troop of "Cossacks" performing 
            their lively feats |   
          | The 
              Wild West show organizers initially paid little attention to the 
              riders' origin, identifying them Russian Cossacks, Russian Caucasus 
              Cossacks or even Caucasian Jews. It might be worth mentioning that 
              Thomas Oliver and other organizers were responsible for creating 
              this initial mystery in the media by declaring that the riders came 
              from the southern part of the Russian Caucasus, where the Cossack 
              family in Lord Byron's "Mazepa" came from. Even the riders 
              boasted that they were awarded medals for bravery but it was a con, 
              of course. Other newspapers went even further, such as The Hutchinson 
              Leader that ran an article on July 24, 1908, “The Cossacks 
              were the real thing, right from the Czar’s army. Splendid 
              horsemen and brave fighters, they are also fierce and cruel. They 
              were members of the same regiment that charged upon a throng of 
              men, women and children in the streets of St. Petersburg two years 
              ago and shot and sabered, murdered, a thousand.” No wonder 
              such stories helped make them popular heroes. |   
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          |  | 
 These saddles were not cheap, an ordinary Cossack saddle cost 
              $75, and the one custom made for Alexis 
              Georgian cost $275.  | Georgian 
              riders were known to do the most unbelievable stunts while galloping. 
              Sarah J. Blackstone wrote that the horses needed some time to get 
              used to the tricks performed by the "Cossacks". Some Georgian 
              sources claim, rather unconvincingly, that they rode the Georgian 
              breeds. According to The London Start (May 31, 1892), “Their 
              riding consists mainly of tricks on horseback, and I’m very 
              anxious to see what they can do in that line. We cannot try them 
              yet, as their wiry little horses need rest after their long journey.” 
              But these comments don't correspond to reality. First, it was very 
              expensive (around $320) to transport a horse across the Atlantic 
              and second, it was prohibited by quarantine regulations. Normally 
              all the horses were sold after the shows were over in Europe. This 
              indicates that either it was costly for the organizers or prohibited 
              by existing regulations to ship them across the Atlantic.When asked about it, one Georgian horseman said, “Our horses? 
              They couldn't have borne the journey. We ourselves had difficulties 
              in crossing the Black Sea let alone our horses. But we brought our 
              saddles, our whips and the rest of the stuff.” Here's an interesting 
              bit from another American newspaper, “The Cossack saddle is 
              another thing that attracts much attention. Its chief peculiarity, 
              seen from the sides, is two thin pads, fore and after, resembling 
              loaves of bread. A closer examination shows there are four of these 
              pads. The Cossacks stand up in their stirrups with two or three 
              pads on, before and behind his legs. They are stuffed with horsehair. 
              “Why does the Cossack use this saddle?” Prince Luka, 
              a Georgian Cossack, could only shrug his shoulders when the question 
              was asked him. All he could state positively was that style of saddle 
              had been used in his native section of the Caucasus as long as human 
              memory could extend.”
 
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          |  | The 
              act usually began with Georgian native dances and songs, and then 
              was followed by stunt riding. It represented the perfection of man 
              and horse and the Georgians did some unimaginable things. There are some quotes from American newspapers testify to their 
              unique riding skill, “They stood in the saddle, on their 
              feet and on their hands and kicked their legs as the horses flew 
              madly around. They rode standing in their saddles with their faces 
              facing their horses tails and chased each other to capture a handkerchief 
              carried in their mouth…” (The Philadelphia Inquirer, 
              April 9, 1893).
 “Standing up in the saddle is child’s play to them. 
              They all rode like mad yesterday standing on their heads on the 
              horses backs.”(The Philadelphia Press, May 23, 1904).
 “If the audience will watch Prince Lucca, the Cossack, with 
              his sword, while standing on his saddle, they will be amazed, for 
              so expert is he that as Remington, the famous artist, expressed 
              it, that “No Cossack could commit suicide unless on the 
              ground.”(Nashville American, October 7, 1897).
 “Our cowboys are universally the best exponents of expert 
              horsemanship, but the famous Cossacks are their close rival” 
              (Billboard, July 28, 1906).
 Even William Cody himself said in one of his interviews, "Ride? 
              They can ride anything, and if they get thrown they are up again 
              in a flash. You can’t tie’em down.” (New York 
              Daily Tribune, April 20, 1902).Dee Brown, the noted western historian wrote, “Trick riding 
              came to the rodeo by way of a troupe of imported Cossack daredevils. 
              Intrigued by the Cossack’s stunts on their galloping horses, 
              Western cowboys soon introduced variations to American rodeo”.
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          |  | Georgian 
            riders, circa 1900 |  |   
          |  | The 
            First World War and the Bolsheviks ended the Georgians' voyages abroad. 
            Those Georgians who found themselves stuck in the States, mostly in 
            Chicago, continued performing in Miller and Ringling Brothers' circuses 
            and returned to their homeland only when the war was over. Many Georgians 
            settled down to create typical American families and lost ties with 
            their homeland. As the century progressed, many Wild West shows had to compete with 
            new entertainments, including motion pictures. Some of the shows' 
            organizers, including Buffalo Bill, started to make film versions 
            of the shows but despite these most of the shows were in deep financial 
            trouble due to declined attendance.
 The occasional feeble attempt by some to reanimate the previous glory 
            of the shows led to tasteless endeavors in which some of the Georgian 
            original participants were enlisted. But by that time they had lost 
            the luster of stardom along with their energy and endurance. Fatally, 
            the media had lost interest in them. The organizers even stopped mentioning 
            their names in the programs.
 Hard times were ahead for those who returned to Georgia as well. On 
            the grounds that they all were American spies, most of the riders 
            were imprisoned and exiled by the Bolsheviks. Many riders had to destroy 
            all evidence and photographs of their trips abroad in order to survive 
            the new regime's iron hands. There were cases when riders were forced 
            to sign a document in which they promised never to mention America 
            or Europe again. The Bolsheviks confiscated all the precious gifts 
            and present they had been given. Usually, these things surfaced in 
            the houses of the party nomenclature. Nervous stress was too much 
            for many, - some committed suicide, others died in oblivion...
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